Understanding Hallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe)

What is Hallux Limitus/Rigidus?

• Progressive arthritic condition

• Affects big toe joint

• Begins as hallux limitus

• Progresses to hallux rigidus

• Results in joint deterioration including:

  • Cartilage loss

  • Joint space reduction

  • Bone spur formation

  • Joint enlargement

Common Symptoms

• Big toe joint pain during walking

• Joint swelling

• Movement limitation

• Difficulty bending toe

• Altered walking pattern

• Footwear fitting challenges

Causes and Risk Factors

• Often develops between ages 35-65

• Contributing factors include:

  • Poor foot mechanics

  • Previous toe trauma

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Gout

  • Rheumatoid arthritis

  • Overuse injuries

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Approaches

• Custom orthotic therapy

• Appropriate footwear selection

• Manual therapy including:

  • Dry needling

  • Low level laser

  • Ultrasound

• Daily stretching routines

• Pain management medications

Surgical Intervention

• Considered when:

  • Significant loss of motion

  • Persistent pain

  • Non-surgical treatments fail

  • Function severely impaired